Philosophy of Education: Herbert Marcuse

Philosophy of Education: Herbert Marcuse Joseph Cunningham Praxis Exiled: Herbert Marcuse and the One Dimensional University,  Journal of Philosophy of Education Vol 47 No 4 2013 Cunninghams exploration of Herbert Marcuse positions him at the centre of the revolutionary student movements of the 1960s. Higher education could at that time be seen as a place which was shielded to some extent from the pacifying tendencies within advanced capitalist labour. Of all the theories which emerged out of the influential Frankfurt School, Marcuses was perhaps the one theory which could more easily beapplied in practice because it narrowed Marxist critique to analyse the extent to which advanced capitalisms influence penetrated inwardly. Cunningham encapsulates this by stating, gendered rhetoric aside, One Dimensional Man, is about you and your life. However, Cunningham argues that it was never Marcuses intention to develop his theory, whilst navel gazing inside an ivory tower. Rather critical theory in education should move students to pierce through the institutional walls and function as actualised praxis, the congruence of theory and action. Cunningham uses Marcuses own words from 1968, By its own inner dynamic, education thus leads beyond the classroom, beyond the university, into the political dimension and in to the moral, instinctual dimension (his italics). An inner revolution is a precursor to outer revolution and dialectical critique is the key to the liberation which will nurture that inner revolution. Marcuse looked beyond labour itself to find the causes of what he thought was creating a one dimensional society: he argued that technology, the media and a converging standardisation of values coupled with an unending stream of must have commodities combine to attack an individuals authenticity. Reason is usurped by technological rationality and our critical senses are dulled, making us, as Marcuse argued, disinterested in or even hostile to dissent. Cunningham carefully traces how the ripe revolutionary potential of the 1960s has come under the control of capital, as Marcuse predicted might be the case. I can see how the growing corporatisation of higher education, of which Marcuse was aware in 1960, has indeed spread tentacles across the sector. The perceived waste of human capital in the liberal arts has been either recycled into more useful courses or disposed of. Cunninghams view is that, as Marcuse predicted, the drive to develop online education can arguably be seen as another route to seal the packaging of educational content as a product for students as consumers, so much so that the consumer and campus culture are indistinguishable. The halcyon days of free education have been replaced by a narrowing of access due to lack of means. Cunninghams conclusion is bleak but understandable: even though critical theory is still taught, it is largely devoid of praxis and often delivered online in digitally standardised curricula. Marcuse would find it empty of the dynamic which he felt it had the potential to bring to student life. Like Marcuse, however, Cunningham sees some evidence of counterculture: citing the Occupy Movement as one candle in the darkness of the pervasive atmosphere which is antithetical to critical thought. Self-exile beckons for those who, like Marcuse before them, seek to step outside to look within with fresh eyes. There are indicators everywhere we look of the dominant capitalist culture which makes us so wrapped up in our daily existence and desire for material goods that we fail to see the possibility of any other existence. Indeed, we are led to crave the same dimension. Marcuses One Dimension flattens our capacity for imagining another kind of existence and suppresses our instinctive desires. Whether it is the subliminal appeal of an advertising jingle or the promise of a higher salary if we put all our energies into STEM, we are persuaded that our present should be used to build our future. However the vision is as narrow as a tunnel. The light at the end is that of unexamined material prosperity: there are few unexpected rays lighting the corners of our imagination to help us to reach out to change our perspective. After all, evidence of a different light source might encourage us to look for another way out. Word count: 663 References Brookfield, S. (2005). The Power of Critical Thinking for Adult Learning and Teaching. Maidenhead: OUP. Graham, A. (n.d.). Liberation Powerpoint Class notes Jan 2017. WIT. Marcuse. (1967). Liberation from the Affluent Society (1967) . Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQLpqno6J_g Accessed 14/12/2106

Management Accounting Memo Essay

Mr. Blackheath had promoted Lee High to vice president of finance. Lee had practically been running the firm for several years during which time sales and profit had been declining. On November 15, 1977, Mr. Blackheath announced that his son. Trafalgar Blackheath, would take over as owner and president on January 1, 1978. Trafalgar was a graduate of an MBA program and for several years had been working for a large consulting firm as a marketing specialist. In their private discussions Mr. Blackheath told his son that the problems in the family firm were marketing rather than financial, so the situation was ready made for Trafalgar. Mr. Blackheath, it seems, had been completely taken by Lee High. When Trafalgar finally arrived on December 1, 1977, and began to read various internal reports he realised Blackheath Manufacturing Co. did not have a cash budget and there didn’t seem to be much in the way of financial planning. Trafalgar asked Lee High about this. Lee’s response was that Blackheath Manufacturing Co. ran on the basis of several well-developed decision rules and budgets weren’t necessary because if the firm ever ran out of funds, Mr. Blackheath simply deposited  £10,000 or  £20,000 in the bank. Trafalgar’s response was swift and clear: â€Å"My father is a millionaire, but I am not!† Lee indicated he didn’t know much about budgeting but he would get an assistant to work up some â€Å"stuff.† Trafalgar decided to call his old friend Crofton Brockley. Brockley was in charge of several large budgeting projects for a consulting firm and Trafalgar knew Crofton to be a recognized expert on budgeting for small companies. Fortunately for Trafalgar, Brockley wasn’t busy that week and was able to travel down the next day.

Heres What I Know About Apa Research Paper Format Example

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Why Juveniles Should Be Legal - 1649 Words

Criminals are on foot everyday around the United States and other parts of the world. Whether they are young children, adults, seniors, or any kind of human being, crimes are committed everyday by people who look like a bad influence or others that look innocent walking down the streets who have never committed a crime before. Juveniles ages 7-15 should not be sentenced to life without parole for crimes they commit because it would not be fair for them to spend the rest of their lives in jail for committing a mistake. Reasons can be found on why juveniles should be left inside a cell and arguments can build up if people disagree with one another. Some adults commit crimes and are left with freedom after a satisfied amount of time locked up. Young teenagers can still be immature and do not have the mind to think like a regular human being. Young people also do not know what is wrong or right to do since they are not of legal age. Some teenagers are also not fully educated yet for they might have grown up without parents to yell at them to lead them through the right path. Most juveniles are barely in middle school and have not really learned anything about the real outside life yet. Juveniles that are sentenced for a reasonable amount of time can also be rehabilitated once they are out of prison so they can be leaded to the right path again without having to be locked up. Many young men are in rehabilitation centers because they disobey their parents or because they are drugShow MoreRelatedWhy Juveniles Should Not Be Legal1254 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Crimes in the United States Nachamada Roya Simon 250798336 SOC 2206B Section 570 March 8 2016 Professor Catherine Gelinas Introduction The proposed study is a cross-sectional research about why juveniles should not be put to trial and convicted in adult court and the factors that affect why they would be convicted in adult courts. The study would be conducted in two parts with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The first part of the study would be conducted in a juvenileRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Juveniles1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many juveniles are being sentenced and tried unfairly in the court. Many believed that children as young as twelve should be treated differently than an adult who commit the same crime, but that’s not what’s happening today. Young children are not the same as an adult in many ways, so they should not be put in jail for life if they commit a crime. Nobody really deserve to be put into a jail for the rest of their life, especially a young kid. It is injustice to sentenced juveniles, who committedRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, A nd Assault1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthose that are â€Å"model citizens.† Felony crime is characterized by the Department of Justice as â€Å"crime, assault, burglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). According to the Uniform Crime Report, property crime is number one of the crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Property crime is also high in numbers for children age 15 and under. Although juveniles arrested for violent crimes have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 3.8 percent, these crimes are still being committed (Uniform Crime ReportRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreJuvenile Justice : A Difficult Area For Law Enforcement Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice can be a difficult area for law enforcement. This is said because unlike adult offenders in the criminal justice system, the juvenile justice is about reform rather than incarceration. The thought process behind juvenile justice is to help these children to become better adults, not only for their community, but also for their workforce as well. There are some rules when handling delinquents. A great example would be an adult who has a public intoxication and has t o spend a nightRead MoreEssay on Life Without Parole for Juveniles956 Words   |  4 Pagesbanned the use of life without parole for juveniles who committed non-homicide crimes, and Roper v. Simmons (2005) abolished the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders. They both argued that these sentences violated the 8th Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. While these landmark cases made great strides for the rights of minors passing through the criminal justice system, they are just the first steps in creating a juvenile justice system that takes into considerationRead MoreJuveniles As A Victim Of A Crime Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles Juveniles come in contact with the law and law enforcement everyday, but it is important to understand how to deal with these individuals. Oftentimes juveniles can be a victim of a crime, or even a suspect in a crime, and it is necessary to learn how to effectively communicate with these individuals. Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these youngerRead MoreThe Legal Age Of Juvenile Justice1648 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts (Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. A â€Å"crime† is any act or omission of an act in violation of a public law forbidding or commanding it (Criminal Law. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. The legal age limit for who is considered to be juvenile varies from state to st ate, although many states have set the legal age limit at 18. Once a child hasRead More Recognizing Our Rights1136 Words   |  5 PagesWe as citizens should recognize that any of our rights in the Constitution is subjected to continual interpretation by our courts, especially by the United States Supreme Court. As of today, our Sixth Amendment still allows us as American citizens to â€Å"Due Process†, as well as other important rights. This particular right requires police and government officials to recognize our due process rights, especially as suspects during an arrest, questioning, and handling. During an arrest and prior toRead MoreJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial The Supreme Court has long considered competency to be a right of the criminal defendant in court. In many areas, insanity has been a criminal defense with a significant history. However, in the early part of this century, adult protections, including the competency requirement and common defenses like insanity, were not added into the juvenile court system. Because juvenile courts were established to protect juveniles from the rigors of adult court

The Fight Against Gender Inequality - 1135 Words

Over the past decades, despite people have advances on gender inequality, but the sexism still prevalent in all aspects of life and in most countries around the world. I am a woman. I was born and raised in Vietnam, where gender biased ideology is extremely prevalent throughout society. It is an ideology in which men are considered more important than women. In the spiritual life of Vietnamese, people must have a son to keep their family lineages continuously growing. This pressure is on people from generation to generations. The gender disparity gradually seeps into the minds of Vietnamese people. When I grow up, I learn and admire for the gender equality in most advanced countries in the world, especially the United States. However, after I have been living in the United States for over 5 years; I have realized that although a great deal of progress has been made in the fight against gender disparity, discrimination still occurs, not only between races, but also between men and wo men. According to the article Valley Boys by James Surowiecki, gender discrimination in hiring a staff, giving job position and working environment has occurred in high-tech companies in Silicon Valley, such as Google, Apple, Facebook, Twitter. First, these companies have a gender inequality when they hire a new employee. When I heard the name Silicon Valley, I think immediately about the high-tech. That is a place where the door is opened to anyone who is more talents and more intelligencesShow MoreRelatedWomen played a major role in the fight against inequality and discrimination against female gender1000 Words   |  4 PagesWomen played a major role in the fight against inequality and discrimination against female gender for generations. Throughout the 20th century and up to WWI, most women saw their primary roles as being housewives and mothers, and less than 30 percent of women worked outside the home. That was the context for Demi Hansen’s life but during WWII she became a Rosie the Riveter. Women had no self-representation other than from their husbands and fathers, until WWII when opportunity’s were previouslyRead MoreGender Inequality : A Social Problem1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand where its future lies. The best explanation on why gender inequality is, always has been, and will continue to be a social problem is from the functionalist perspective. Functionalist focus on how a society creates the social problem and then analyzes how and why the social issue has been maintained over the years. The objective reality is that gender inequality has and always will be a major issue in society. The scope of gender inequality has changed drastically over the years, but there is stillRead MoreWomen s Autonomy And Respect Of Women1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S. and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. Gender revolution in the U.S. spreads and has influenced women around the world to call upon equal rights for female. However, understanding that inequalities still remain in present days, female activists and scholars have examined how women and the society in which they live and work can do to eliminate gender bias. Sheryl Sandberg, one o f the few female senior web executives of Facebook, realizes thatRead MoreEssay Gender Inequality in the Filming Industry668 Words   |  3 Pages Gender diversity in the filming industry has been a long standing problem. It is common knowledge that in the movie industry, the male reigns supreme, whether it be leading character roles or the director. Take Star Trek: Into Darkness, for example. The director, J.J. Abrams, is male. Out of the ten leading speaking roles, only three are female, while the rest of the minor speaking roles are also predominantly male. Let’s take another movie, Pacific Rim, into consideration. The director, GuillermoRead MoreWomen Workers In Society Have Been And Still Are Deemed1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe practices of gender inequality, most importantly thorough the existence of the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is defined as â€Å"the gap between the median wages for men and women. The gap between men s and women’s wages exists in nearly every occupation, in all industries, in every state, across countries, at all education levels, and in the private, government, and nonprofit sectors† (Wagner, B, 2015). I believe as long as the gender wage gap exists, it allows inequalities between the sexesRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women Based Solely On Gender1025 Words   |  5 Pagesthe inequality between men and women based solely on gender. This dilemma is one that occurs across every continent and has been the subject of many riots, protests, and discussions since the early centuries. Gender inequality can happen in any setting, time, and place. However, gender inequality is highly likely inside the workplace. Many employers discriminate against woman and sometimes then do not even know that what they are saying or doing is considered discrimination. Gender inequality in theRead MoreGender Inequality1640 Words   |  7 Pages Society today often only addresses one side of the gender inequality is sue: the grievances of women. Feminists have fought against the ingrained tradition of women as housewives with no rights and being looked down upon as the lesser sex. The women’s rights movement in the United States has worked tirelessly since 1848 to fight for rights and break down gender barriers. Misogyny and gender constructs, such as the ideal of beauty, hold women back in various aspects of their lives as discussed inRead MoreGender Differences And Gender Equality1171 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, gender differences and gender equality have been issues that have faced many social, and unjustifiable conflicts. Women most importantly pay the consequences for wanting equality and justice. Since the beginning of time, women were perceived to be the submissive role in a household, and in the workplace. Fighting for their equal rights women and men are unified to get the same results, to be treated the way they deserve, and to be able to think freely abou t what they standRead MoreEssay on Fighting for Equality and Freedom1229 Words   |  5 Pagescommunism and disparity. All throughout history and some may even argue that still today inequality and racism are prevalent and carry an enormous impact. During the course of WWII, there were many strides to end inequality at home and overseas. While some were fighting to keep our home soil free from foreign threats, others were serving to gain rights and fix all the domestic threats to their freedom. The inequality and racism overseas was a setback, either not allowing certain people to participateRead MoreDubliners By James Joyce s Dubliners1419 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in Dublin and forbids them from accomplishing their desires and goals; rather than relentlessly trying to conquer the obstacles that stand in their way, they give up on achieving their goals in all. During this time period, many gender inequalities are occurring, and women are often brushed-aside by society and more often than not, are not given nearly any of the same opportunities as the men are given. The women in this society know that despite the degree of any effort put forward to

Life Without Gravity Free Essays

The minute I woke up this morning I knew something felt strange. It was as if I was seventy pounds lighter! I felt as though there was nothing holding me down. When I opened my eyes and started to move, I realized I was not even lying on my bed. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Without Gravity or any similar topic only for you Order Now It seemed like I was floating. Immediately, I thought about being in space, and if this wasn’t just a dream how fun it would be! I thought too soon and it actually turned out to be a really bad day. Getting up was a struggle. There was nothing holding me down to the floor so I tried to swim. It didn’t work. The worst part is, with such a small amounts of gravity in the world, nothing stayed where it was. The furniture started to float and moving was nearly impossible. I struggled to get to the bathroom by kicking myself from wall to wall. When I grabbed my toothbrush out of the air, I turned the faucet and the water didn’t go out straight! It just started coming out slowly and floated up. I had to catch it in my mouth in order for it to work. I spit the water out and then realized what a terrible idea that was. There was dirty water floating through the air and I didn’t know what to do. Despite my teeth brushing complications, I was still optimistic and excited to see how the day went. I was convinced that it would be just like one of the cartoons where it was loads of fun to live with less gravity. I managed to get myself dressed, out the door and into my car. The thing is, my car was levitating above the ground! It was very inconvenient. After the long difficult two mile moon leap to school, I went straight to Mr. Sutton’s Physics class to ask him if he had any idea what was going on. When I walked in however, I found my entire class there wondering the same thing. The only problem was, Mr. Sutton was nowhere to be found. We used the black phone connected to the wall to call down the office and see if they knew where our teacher was. I was on the phone for what seemed like 200 rings when finally somebody picked up. The man had a deep voice and he knew my name. He said, â€Å"Jody, I want you to listen to me very carefully. I have Mr. Sutton and there is no way that any of you can defeat me. However, if you want him back, you must go to the ISS room immediately. † I hung up the phone and quickly explained o my classmates what the man with the deep voice said. We knew we had to do something and we knew we had to do it fast. We floated down the stairs and made it to the ISS room to find Mr. Sutton tied to a pole and a man standing there firmly on the ground holding a remote control. A brave student named Bob said, â€Å"Who are you and what have you done?! Have you caused this strange gravitational mishap? † The man looked at us and laughed. He said in a mocking tone, â€Å"I am the evil Dr. Evil. I made a device to reduce gravity because as a young boy I never won anything. I wanted to win a race and I realized that if I reduced gravity for everybody other than myself, then I could win. I plan to join the Olympics and while all the other runners struggle to moon leap their way to the finish, I will have the full force of gravity helping me stay on the ground. I will win and nobody can do anything about it. † While the evil Dr. Evil was explaining all of this to us, I managed to float my way over to Mr. Sutton and he told me to use a rope to get the man. I took a rope off of the ground and pushed myself against a wall. I used sign language to my friend across the room and slipped her the other end of the rope. We both pushed off the wall at the same time and knocked Dr. Evil to the floor by tripping him. Everyone in our class managed to grab onto him and we took the remote control away. We clicked the big red button that said OFF and gravity returned to us. Everyone cheered and we called the police. Mr. Sutton was free and we had gravity. Our period 4 honors physics class was given the Nobel Peace Prize and Obama himself declared us the Heroes of the Millennium. We were awesome. How to cite Life Without Gravity, Essays

Agile MIS Infrastructure - Characteristics of Agile MIS Infrastructure

Question: Discuss the characteristics of Agile MIS infrastructure? Answer: Introduction Agile MIS Infrastructure is the process of sharing the data and resources among the users within an organization. A firm is fully dependent on this infrastructure to deliver the goods and services to the customers. It optimizes the operations of the business process so that it raises the productivity and also increases the profitability of the firm. Agile MIS infrastructure supports the change in the business process. Characteristics of Agile MIS infrastructure 1. Accessibility: At the time of operating a system, it defines the accessing ability of the user and also their performing ability. The application is being accessed by the user. Sometimes the application is being accessed only by the administrator, thus there is some restriction of accessing it by any other user except the administrator department. 2. Availability: If the system is being operative all the times then the availability of the products will be high, but when it is not operating then it will be unavailable to the user and the transaction process cannot takes place. 3. Maintainability: The system is being maintained properly. System maintenance means the system can be quickly accessed by the user so that the user can easily do the transaction process. The system is to be maintained as per the business change which means the change in the customers needs and their requirements. 4. Portability: The system will be portable when the software is to be operated on different types of devices (computers, laptops, mobiles etc). 5. Reliability: It ensures if a system is being operated correctly or not. If it is operating correctly then it gives accurate information to the user. The accurate information means that the task will have no error and will be accessed easily. 6. Scalability: It increases the growth rate to meet the needs of the user. It means the ability of the system is to raise the size of the product such that the customers are satisfied with the service. 7. Usability: It means to understand the users needs. The system is to be designed in such a way so that it can be efficiently used and the user can easily learn the process of using it. (Zhang; Carroll; Baltzan) Amazaon.com is the online process of selling goods and services to the buyer. It sells DVDs, CDs, video games, furniture, jewellery etc to the buyer to obtain some profit from the buyer. Agile MIS infrastructures characteristics are applicable to Amazon.com as business. The following points show how the characteristics are applicable to it: 1. Accessibility: Amazon.com has access the personal information of the customer only for receiving the order, delivering the order and also for the transaction process. They are not disclosing the customers information in any third party website and are keeping this information secure. Amazon.com enables the privacy and security of their business as per their business policy. The whole business process is to be handled by the administrative. 2. Availability: When the buyer places an order, it shows the delivery date of the product. When the product is available, they have to pay the price of the specific product. After entering the details of the bank, the transaction is being processed. But if the product is out of stock then it shows that the product is not available, and requests to place the order. They promise to deliver the product when it is available, so it occurs after a certain period of time. They inform the buyer by e-mail if the product is available or not. 3. Maintainability: At first, Amazon.com maintains their application properly. They update new products and their respective prices. There are many competitors of Amazon.com, so to compete with their competitors they reduce the price of the products to increase the productivity. They satisfy their customer by giving best services like delivering the products in time, fulfilling the customers expectations and needs, giving good quality products. They have to update their products day-by-day according to the buyers needs. 4. Portability: The user uses the computer, PC to place any order through online. They are also using the mobile phones for buying and transaction process by downloading the apps in the mobile. 5. Reliability: At the time of buying and consuming the goods, the customer should focus if the site is giving the accurate information about the product, because inaccurate information should place the wrong order. 6. Scalability: Amazon.com focuses on the customers feedback. It increases their productivity by improving the size of the products, quality of the goods. Thus, it raises the growth rate. 7. Usability: com implements an easy technique to use their business process so that it should be easy handled by the customers for buying (Baltzan). Conclusion Agile MIS Infrastructure provides the information which should be used to obtain the organizational goals. The characteristics of Agile MIS Infrastructure are applicable to Amazon.com. They are updating the changes on time and also providing the accurate information to the user. It also increases the growth rate and profit. References Baltzan,. Business Driven Information Systems. 1st ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2015. Web. 16 June 2015. Carroll, John David. 'INFO 210 Ch. 5'. Quizlet.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 June 2015. Zhang, Jie. '141.Lesson5.Chapter 5 - MIS Infrastructures'. prezi.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 June 2015.